Dual Detection Of Dna And Latent Fingermarks - 1690 Words

DUAL DETECTION OF DNA AND LATENT FINGERMARKS FIGURE 1: IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANELLES IN A TYPICAL HUMAN CELL. TAKEN FROM CUMMINGS 2015 [2]. 2 FIGURE 2: TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER OF A HUMAN CELL. TAKEN FROM CUMMINGS 2015 [2]. 3 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. FINGERPRINTS 1.1.1. HISTORY 1.1.2. FORMATION AND DEPOSITION 1.1.3. TYPES OF PATTERNS 1.1.4. IDENTIFICATION 1.2. FINGERMARKS 1.2.1. NATURE OF DEPOSITS 1.2.2. NATURE OF SUBSTRATES 1.2.3. DETECTION TECHNIQUES POROUS SUBSTRATES NON-POROUS SUBSTRATES SEMI-POROUS SUBSTRATES 1.3. DNA 1.3.1. HISTORY Human ABO blood grouping was first introduced in the 1920’s the initial form of biological indicator to differentiate groups of individuals. Biological evidence can also be exploited to individualise and identify 1.3.2. CELL ANATOMY The cell theory proposes that all organisms are composed of cells and hence cells are the fundamental unit of all life. Human cells are typically 5 to 100 Â µm in size and therefore cannot be viewed without the use of a microscope [1]. They are, however, extremely organized, being responsible for the biochemical processes that are essential to sustain the life of an organism. Cells are compartmentalised in order to increase the efficiency of the biochemical processes as well as protect the genetic information. Such compartments are called organelles which are each bound by their own membrane and each serve a specialised function. Humans are made up of trillions of

An Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s `` The Raven, And The...

The use of characters in Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories like â€Å"The Raven,† and the Pit and the Pendulum,† show psychological elements, and make the stories more mind boggling and delusional. Authors choose a certain technique on how they write their stories based on how they want the audience to feel and think when they read it, and also based off of their personal backgrounds. Edgar Allan Poe’s stories are described as â€Å"disturbing† with disturbed characters. His stories are meant to bring chills down the spine. Most of them are based on death, and the darkness it brings to the mind and how it affects your mental state. There is not life without death, and Poe really exaggerates this in his stories. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809. He was born in Boston, and his parents were both actors, and died before he made it to the young age of three. He was then raised by John and Frances Allan as foster child living in Richmond, Virginia. Poe was sent to the most prestigious boarding schools by his Uncle John and excelled in academics while attending. He was later sent to the University of Virginia. Poe was not at the university for long before he was forced to leave because his uncle refused to pay debt he had collected by the gambling problem he possessed. After being kicked out of the University, Poe went back to Richmond, where his relationship with his uncle would soon fade. He moved to Boston in the year of 1827, and enlisted in the United StatesShow MoreRelated Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, r eality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pathway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : A Gothic Romanticism Or Dark Romanticist1562 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is often considered one of the most famous, influential writers of the 19th century, and even today he is still revered for his more famous works, which are still taught and studied in schools and universities around the United States. His work is considered to be heavily influenced by the many hardships he faced during his lifetime, which can be seen in almost all of his poems or short stories. Poe is considered a gothic romanticism or dark romanticist, due to his fascination ofRead MoreCommon Themes of Edgar Allan Poe3152 Words   |  13 PagesAn Analysis of the Common Themes Found in selected works of Edgar Allan Poe A Research Presented to The faculty of the English Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English IV By March 2010 Acknowledgement The researcher would like to thank the following people who help and give guidance to make this project To the Project adviser and the home room adviser of the researchers, who gave his outmost patience and time to check the drafts and format of eachRead MoreCommon Themes of Edgar Allan Poe3166 Words   |  13 PagesAn Analysis of the Common Themes Found in selected works of Edgar Allan Poe A Research Presented to The faculty of the English Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English IV By March 2010 Acknowledgement The researcher would like to thank the following people who help and give guidance to make this project To the Project adviser and the home room adviser of the researchers, who gave his outmost patience and time to check the drafts and format of each part of this veryRead More An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Psychological Thriller Essay3707 Words   |  15 PagesAn Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Psychological Thriller Outline I. Prelude II. Brief introduction to Adgar Allan Poe 1. 1. Allan Poes Life 2. 2. Allan Poes Works and Literary Achievement III. Adgar Allan Poe -- A Post-Gothic Writer 1. 1. Gothic Introduction 2. 2. Analysis of Two Horror 1) 1) The Fall of the House of Usher a) a) Setting b) b) Characters c) c) Point of View 2) 2) The Masque of the Red Death a) a) Setting b) b) Characters

Celiac Disease Paper Free Essays

Celiac Disease Unit 4: Assign 2- Disorders Affecting the Immune System April 9, 2013 Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder. It affects the small intestine in the person’s body. It can affect people who have been linked genetically or pre-disposed from infancy to adulthood (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Celiac Disease Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now mayoclinic. com). This disease can be asymptomatic. Which means that the person can be a carrier of this disease and pass it on to their children. The carrier would not have any symptoms of this disease or even know they are a carrier. Celiac disease can affect 1 in 105 people in the United States (www. webmd. com). Celiac disease is caused by a reaction to gliadin, or a gluten protein. The gluten protein is found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. When the person affected with this disease is exposed or ingests the gluten protein, their immune system has an inflammatory reaction in the small bowel. The inflammatory reaction can be an acute or chronic response within the bowel tissue. The inflammation in the small bowel blocks the person’s ability to absorb vital nutrients from their food (www. ebmd. com). Signs and symptoms of Celiac disease can range from mild to severe. Diarrhea is the most common symptom of this disease. Abdominal pain, bloating, cramping, and distention of the abdominal wall from gas are also other signs/symptoms of Celiac disease. The blocking or malabsorptio of nutrients such as Calcium and Vitamin D can lead to weight loss, fatigue, and anemia. The person can then get mouth ulcerations as well, and become lactose intolerant. As the disease continues to progress it can cause more damage and it puts the person at risk for small intestine cancer (adenocarcinoma) or Lymphoma. If left untreated Celiac disease can also lead to more complications within the affected person. Some of the complications they would experience are, ulcerations and strictures in the bowel (www. webmd. com). The only affective treatment for Celiac disease is a lifelong goal of diet change. Once diagnosis has been confirmed gluten must be completely removed from the person’s diet. Certain diets that are gluten free will need to be followed to prevent inflammation. Depending on the extent of the damage done, or the stage of progression there may need to be more strict changes to follow. There are websites and support groups to help people become educated with the steps necessary to prevent further flare ups from this condition. The first step to becoming aware of this disease is to be seen by your physician if you are having any of the above signs and symptoms (www. csaceliacs. com). www. mayoclinic. com,2013. www. webmd. com,2013. How to cite Celiac Disease Paper, Papers

Greece free essay sample

She looked up at me with her large, sad eyes; her pain unbearably obvious. I watched her as she glided silently around her small, blue pool, surrounded by people she neither knew nor understood. The chatter turned to a dull roar as I examined her features more closely. The top left corner of her green and yellow shell was missing, and her flippers were mangled with cuts and scars. I slowly walked over to a second pool. The poor creature contained in this pool had suffered a severe head wound. A third creature displayed a large crack down the middle of his pentagon patterned shell; a fourth an amputated flipper, and yet another was missing an eye. I couldn’t help but think that these unfortunate creatures looked as though they were war heroes that had been wounded in battle; but they weren’t. They were just a group of innocent sea turtles that had been injured by careless humans. We will write a custom essay sample on Greece or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I glanced at the beach, watching the aquamarine waves overlap each other, crashing onto the rock-cluttered beach, lapping up the sand as they went back in. The sun was setting as an array of oranges, pinks, and golds spilled across the sky. Our second day in Greece was coming to a close, and we still had a lot of work ahead of us. My friend Liz turned towards me. â€Å"This is horrible. How can people do this?† â€Å"Because people don’t realize the damage they cause to the environment until after something has been destroyed,† I replied. Earlier that day, our group of 40 high school students had learned that these endangered sea turtles were being wounded and killed all the time because of pollution, litter, and careless boaters and fishermen. We were taught how to teach people back home ways to lessen the deaths and injuries of this species and how to encourage others to conserve our ocean life and the environment in general. I had always been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering, and I had always been concerned with environmental conservation, but I had never truly been given the opportunity to see the devastating effects of environmental destruction up close until I observed those turtles. Seeing a picture or a movie of these animals cannot truly capture their pain and the melancholic expression on their faces. Now that I have personally seen the harm caused by pollution and carelessness, I try to encourage my peers to change their daily habits to benefit the environment by recycling, conserving water and energy, or donating time and money to help save endangered animals, such as the sea turtles. I stress to them that we need to start saving our environment now before it’s too late; we must fight for those creatures that cannot fight for themselves. We only have one world to live in and one chance to save it. Now I will always be that person who’s running after that ice c ream wrapper flailing crazily in the wind just because I hate the thought of even one piece of litter on the ground.

Pioneer petroleum free essay sample

Pioneer Petroleum was founded in 1924, through a merger within industrial, pipeline transportation, and refining fields. PP has evolved over the last 60 years into a company that now also works with agricultural chemicals, plastics, and real estate development concentrating in gas, oil, petrochemicals, and coal. In 1990, PP improved their coker and sulfur recovery facility to make their refining process more efficient and in turn has become one of the lowest cost refiners on the West Coast. Due to the refining process PP’s gasolines are among the most cleanest-burning in the industry. PP’s is also the producer of one-third of the world’s supply of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), which is a chemical used to make cleaner burning gasolines. They also produce one third of the world’s supply of MTBE. Major Issues The major issue that PP is facing right now is that the management board of PP is trying to decide whether to use a single cutoff rate or a system of multiple cutoff rates to determine the minimum acceptable rate of return on new capital investments. We will write a custom essay sample on Pioneer petroleum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As of right now PP is using one single company-wide cutoff rate that is based on their overall weighted cost of capital. The current single rate system that PP is using has increased their overall risk by causing them to choose investment decisions in divisions with higher risk because they exceed the cutoff hurdle, while not investing in lower risk areas because they do not exceed the hurdle rate. In addition PP has not been calculating their weighted cost of capital correctly. This has caused them to invest in riskier areas rather than those with greater chance of having a positive net present value. PP needs to reevaluate which method to use as well as how to correctly compute WACC. Analysis As stated before PP has been weighing two alternatives options to calculate the minimum acceptable rate of return on their capital investments. As of right now PP’s approach is to accept all proposed investments with a positive net present value, after being discounted at the appropriate rate. The issue with this is that this approach has been reliant on a single company-wide cutoff rate based on PP’s overall WACC that has continuously been calculated incorrectly for each investment decision. PP has been calculating their WACC by three steps: (1) the expected proportions of future funds sources were estimated; (2) costs were assigned to each of the future funds sources; and (3) a WACC was calculated by multiplying the estimated proportions of future funds sources by the estimated future after-tax cost percent. Due to the fact that PP has calculated their WACC this way it has led to their adopted rule that funded debt should represent approximately 50% of total capital. In addition it has led to the cost of equity being 10% with current earnings yield on stock equaling the cost of both new equity and retained earnings for PP. Alternative Options PP has two alternative options to choose from when considering acceptable rates of return on future investments. 1. Single company-wide rate. 2. Multiple cutoff rates based on each economic sector within the company. The multiple rate system will also use WACC approach for each operating sector within the company to determine the individual’s rates for each economic sector within PP. This should allow them to see differences in divisions. Determining Pioneer Petroleum’s Cost of Capital PP has been finding their equity while determining the WACC of capital by using the CAPM formula but has been finding the incorrect equity value. PP has correctly found the cost of debt, but has failed to find the correct cost of equity because they have set their equity’s weight to 10%. In order to determine WACC PP needs to correctly calculate equity, debt, and also the weighted averages of both. Cost of bond after-tax cost Debt KD=Y(1-tax rate), where Y=12% and tax rate=34% (p. 66) KD=12%(1-34%) KD=7. 92% Cost of common equity Ki=Rf+(Rm–Rf)Bi, where Rf=7. 8%, Rm=16. 25% and Bi=0. 8 (p. 68-69) Ki=7. 8%+(16. 25%-7. 8%)0. 8 Ki=14. 56% Weighted average cost of capital Kw=KD(WtD)+Ki(Wti), where WtD=50% and Wti=50% (p. 66) Kw=7. 92%(50%)+14. 56%(50%) Kw=11. 3% Analysis of Alternatives In recalculating PP’s WACC correctly their actual average cost of capital came out to be 11. 3% as opposed to the 9% that PP has calculated. This shows that PP underestimated their WACC by 2. 3% due to the fact that they set equity at 10%. If PP chooses to continue to use their single cutoff rate based on the company’s overall WACC, they will now have a cutoff of 11. 3%. Again, the problem with using the single rate method is that it does not allow use to see, or account for the differences in each division of PP. Another problem with the single cutoff rate is that due to the increased rate PP will invest their funds in higher return projects which will result in higher risk. This risk is a result of only the high-risk divisions being able to exceed the single rate hurdles using the single rate cutoff method. If PP chooses to go with the multiple cutoff rate approach it allows them to create cutoff rates that reflect the risk-profit characteristics of the individual economic sectors in which PP’s subsidiaries operate. In order to do this you need to determine the equity, debt, and WACC of each firm for each sector as opposed to the single cutoff rate. The discount rate will also vary for each project due to the use of different divisions and sectors. A multiple cutoff rate may actually exceed PP’s overall average costs because of the vertically integrated parts involved. In using the multiple cutoff rate approach PP can have cutoff rates that are better tailored to the economic sectors that will allow lower risk divisions to exceed their cutoff rate. This decreases risk for PP by essentially allowing them to diversify their portfolio, or the ‘Portfolio effect’. CONCLUSION Suggested Course of Action The multiple hurdle rates for each division based on the corresponding risk for each division is the suggested course of action for PP. The problem that PP has with using the current single company-wide cutoff rate is that it limits PP to projects that exceed that rate which tend to be more risky. The single rat method ignores differences in each division as well as the different risks of those divisions. This led to a misallocation of funds for each division and also did not allow PP to participate in low risk projects that could have been profitable and made PP more risk averse. Using the multiple cutoff rate approach will diminish the imbalance of divisions over investing in cutoff rates that are too low and divisions under investing in cutoff rates that are too high. In using the multiple cutoff rate approach PP will be able to make better investment decisions based on the NPV of potential investments for each division due to the fact that each division will have their own hurdle rate. Pioneer Petroleum free essay sample Second, PPC has been using a single company-wide rate for their multi-divisional company. In either instance the company is not maximizing wealth. Statement of Facts and Assumptions: PPC has been calculating their after tax cost of debt using the coupon rate of 12% instead of the actual interest rate which is 8%. Taking the 8% interest rate into account, PPC’s actual cost of capital would be calculated as: [. 08(1-. 34)]= 5. 28%. PPC has simply been using 10% (their equity growth rate) as their cost, but must instead either use the CAPM model to calculate their cost of equity, or the Dividend-growth model. If they use the CAPM model, which is the most accurate, their cost of equity will be: . 078+. 8(. 1625-. 078)=14. 56%. Or they can use the Dividend-growth model and their cost of equity would be: (2. 7/63)+. 1=14. 29%. Both are acceptable but, because the Dividend-growth model is subjective, and the coupon rate (that PPC was originally using is a sunk cost, they should use the market rate). We will write a custom essay sample on Pioneer Petroleum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus using the market rate to calculate CAPM you use the Beta and market risk premium which are both based on the market rate and more accurate. Finally, their company WACC of 9% that they have calculated is incorrect and given the above calculations, their WACC using CAPM would be: [5. 28(. 5)+14. 6(. 5)]=9. 94% and their WACC using Dividend-growth would be: [5. 28(. 5)+14. 3(. 5)]=9. 79%. Either way, it is significantly larger than the 9% they had calculated. It should also be stated that PPC would benefit by using the target rate because they are planning longer term into their future. Analysis: Using a single cut-off rate for the entire company has increased the overall risk of their company. The use of an acceptable range based on a company-wide average cost of capital inappropriately leads the company to invest in divisions with high risk that should possibly have a higher required rate of return or to not invest in low risk divisions that would be profitable, merely because they do not exceed the company rate. Thus, using a WACC for each division will more accurately allow the corporation to decide which projects to accept and deny based on the specific risk factors of the section instead of the risk of the entire company which has been skewed because of diversification. Based on my calculations, the company wide WACC and cut off rate that should be used is 9. 94% based on CAPM or 9. 8% based on Dividend-growth, and any projects that are below that percentage should not be accepted for the company as a whole. Recommendations: Overall, I would recommend that PPC recalculate their WACC per each specific division and establish multiple cutoff rates instead of calculating a company wide WACC cutoff rate. This will benefit them the most in accepting and denying projects that will meet the appropriate cutoff rate that each division is susceptible to based off the specific risk each division must overcome. When recalculating their WACC, it would benefit them most to use the CAPM model to determine their cost of equity, but using the Dividend-growth model is also acceptable. To determine the cost of debt, they must remember to use the actual interest rate instead of the coupon rate to determine the after tax cost accurately.

Free Essays on Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin’s contribution to the epidemic of AIDS has been her friends. Through her visual diary of photography, she gives a human face to AIDS. Known as the â€Å"gay cancer† upon its widespread discovery, many of Goldin’s friends or members of her extended family (that she refers to lovingly as her tribe), were afflicted by this unforgiving disease. One of the most memorable of her works about AIDS is The Cookie Portfolio. It is the narrative of Cookie Mueller. In the accompanying text, Goldin says she â€Å"thought that if I photographed someone enough, I could never really lose them.† (Goldin, I’ll Be Your Mirror, 256). But has admitted that when she put the portfolio together it made her realize how little photography did because it could not save her friend. The first three images I have selected are from The Cookie Portfolio (Goldin, I’ll Be Your Mirror, 256-273). The first two, Cookie laughing, NYC 1985 and Cookie with me after I was punched, Baltimore, Md., 1986, show Cookie Mueller as a friend. Even though she is alone in the first image, she is engaged in genuine laughter with someone outside of the frame. She is a part of the world, engaged in it and very much involved in it, as an actress, a writer, a mother, a lover, and as a friend. She is especially portrayed as a friend in the second image. Nan Goldin has just been punched by another photographer at a convention. Mueller stands by her side with a fierce loyalty. She also holds onto Goldin’s shoulder in a protective, motherly way. Even as she is an actress, a writer, a mother, a lover, and a friend, she is also a woman with AIDS. It is in the last image of Mueller that one begins to see the isolation that begins to take over. It is a self-imposed isolation as well as one that society contrives upon those who are different. In Cookie being x-rayed, NYC, October... Free Essays on Nan Goldin Free Essays on Nan Goldin Nan Goldin’s contribution to the epidemic of AIDS has been her friends. Through her visual diary of photography, she gives a human face to AIDS. Known as the â€Å"gay cancer† upon its widespread discovery, many of Goldin’s friends or members of her extended family (that she refers to lovingly as her tribe), were afflicted by this unforgiving disease. One of the most memorable of her works about AIDS is The Cookie Portfolio. It is the narrative of Cookie Mueller. In the accompanying text, Goldin says she â€Å"thought that if I photographed someone enough, I could never really lose them.† (Goldin, I’ll Be Your Mirror, 256). But has admitted that when she put the portfolio together it made her realize how little photography did because it could not save her friend. The first three images I have selected are from The Cookie Portfolio (Goldin, I’ll Be Your Mirror, 256-273). The first two, Cookie laughing, NYC 1985 and Cookie with me after I was punched, Baltimore, Md., 1986, show Cookie Mueller as a friend. Even though she is alone in the first image, she is engaged in genuine laughter with someone outside of the frame. She is a part of the world, engaged in it and very much involved in it, as an actress, a writer, a mother, a lover, and as a friend. She is especially portrayed as a friend in the second image. Nan Goldin has just been punched by another photographer at a convention. Mueller stands by her side with a fierce loyalty. She also holds onto Goldin’s shoulder in a protective, motherly way. Even as she is an actress, a writer, a mother, a lover, and a friend, she is also a woman with AIDS. It is in the last image of Mueller that one begins to see the isolation that begins to take over. It is a self-imposed isolation as well as one that society contrives upon those who are different. In Cookie being x-rayed, NYC, October...

Explain The Implications Of Globalisation For The National Economies Assignment

Explain The Implications Of Globalisation For The National Economies In General And Its Impact On The Business Environment In The United Kingdom - Assignment Example Most of the governments were unable to protect their market from the foreign competitors and got attracted by the import tariffs. On the other hand, the introduction of advanced technologies has reduced the costs of communication and transportation by a certain degree (Shangquan, 2000). Likewise, this paper will provide a study of the enhancing factors and the major impacts imposed by globalisation in developing the economy and also the business environment of the UK. Theoretical Background There has always been a strong linkage between globalisation and growth along with development. Globalisation is duly considered as one of the major aspects in the modern economic scenario and is also regarded as one of the vital factors determining the future prospect of economic growth and development. This can be justified from a theoretical perspective that it affects the productivity of goods or services of a nation. In addition, it also affects labour employment and the elements utilised in the process of production by a greater extent. One of the major impacts of globalisation, in general, can be apparently observed as the growth in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The FDI growth rate is much higher than the entire growth in the world trade in the course of globalisation. The reduction in trade barriers and the increment in the global income of FDI have led several countries towards attaining superior competitive position with better economic growth along with development. The growth in the FDI rate eventually lead towards the introduction of pioneering technological advancements and the establishment of huge enterprises on the global level. Thus, the combination of... This paper stresses that the aforesaid study reflects detailed information about the impact of globalisation especially on the national economy in general and also on the business environment of the UK. It has already been observed in the earlier description that the UK economy was the major beneficiary of globalisation. The reduction in the income of the labour and the fall in the bargaining power of the labour force are the major aspects that have been attained from the impact of globalisation. One of the vital impacts of globalisation on the UK economy and also on the business environment of the UK can be viewed as that the major portion of the companies has become much international in nature. This report makes a conclusion that tthe global financial system of the world is not working well as it is intended to. The writer affirmed that if the global system is working well, then why the global crises are occurring in various nations of the world. In recent years, it can be viewed that the net flow of funds has been transferring from the poor countries to the richer ones, but the actual incident should be the opposite one. However, in order to cope up with the problem, the writer has also suggested that the government and the larger organizations must keep in mind certain important aspects while performing business at the global level. The companies must possess effective labour force in their capital market.